2l8Section III.M. L. March.
and 266 in smaller towns. Among administrative employés the cor
responding numbers were 183, 198, 215, or 92%, 87%, 81% of those
previously cited. Employés have in a way a specific fertility which depends
less on their surroundings than that of workmen.
Analogous results are obtained if one compares the proportion of sterile
marriages. Among marriages which have lasted for more than 25 years, the number
of sterile cases per 1,000 increases with increasing yearly income.
AnnualLess4060100160240 More
Emolumentsthantototototo thanTotals.
in £.4060100160240400 400
Employés••• 958699IT3101III 109IOI
Workmen70749198100— —78
Proportional number of families of morethanseven children.
Employés... 565341332623 5244
Workmen9586765550— —88
III.
To sum up, the statistics of French families, of which a brief account
has just been given, confirm what has been previously learnt by researches
as to the influence on fertility of social status, social surroundings, and
income. Further, they provide better data from which conclusions may
be drawn as to what occupations are favourable and what unfavourable
to the birth of children.
It appears that in France paupers, vagabonds, prisoners, etc., the
descendants of whom form an undesirable addition to the population, are
rather lower than the average in productiveness, but among these are
reckoned many who' are in confinement, whose fecundity is therefore tem
porarily put a stop to. Further, legitimate children only have been dealt
with. Agriculture, manufacturing industries, commerce, and the learned pro
fessions, which form the backbone of the population, admit in some ways of
division into specific classes. The least productive families would be those
of employés and workmen in the public services and domestic servants.
After them come members of the learned professions, the bank clerks and
commercial employés, and employés of all classes. Then come commercial
employers, small manufacturers and those with moderate sized businesses,
farmers, persons who live in engaged on farms or in industries, large em
ployers of labour, workmen in small and medium-sized industrial concerns,
and agricultural labourers; then, with a higher degree of productiveness,
day labourers and manual labourers in towns, fishermen and sailors, and
