328Section III.D. C. Gini.
The difference would be somewhat higher if we could take into account
the fact that the co-efficients of the Scandinavian Society include disabled
horses, and are, therefore, rather higher than they would be were death
only taken into account. The number of horses insured was :—
6,000 at end of 1892; 39,000 at end of 1895; 62,000 at end of 1900;
101,000 at end of 1905 ; 105,500 at end of 1910.
For further information see the article Vassurance du bétail en Suede
et les nouvelles tables de mortalité des chevaux in the Bulletin du Bureau
des institutions économiques et sociales, second year, Number 8.
31/8/11. Rome. Imprimerie de la chambre des députés, 1911.
(5)—See for these data H. Westergaard. Die Lahre von der Mortalitàt
und Morbilitàt. Jena Fischer, 1901. Pp. 402-3 and 489.
(6)—We must, of course, consider for the two species classes of age com
parable with one another; and we may fairly say that, considering develop
ment, five years in man is equivalent to one year in the horse.
In Germany (1900-1907) and in Luxemburg (1901, 1904, and 1907) the
register of the number of horses gave a total of 422,724 under one year of
age. The total number of births registered during the preceding twelve
months was 440,547. The total births in one year were to the number of
horses alive under the age of one year as 100 to 96. In Italy the 1901
census gave 4,116,5x1 persons under five years; while in the five years
between 1896 and 1901 there were 5,423,361 births. The total births in five
years were, to the number of survivors under five year, as 100 to 76 according
to the census.
In Hungary (1895), in Germany (1900 and 1907), and in Luxemburg
(1901, 1904, and 1907) there were on the average 407,531 horses under one
year, and 398,150 between one and two years of age. Those between one
and two years of age were to those under one year of age as 98 to 100. In
Italy, in 1901, persons between five and ten years of age (3,564,781) were
to persons under five years (4,116,511) as 86*5 to 100.
In Norway (1900 and 1907), Denmark (1893, 1898, and 1903), Belgium
(1900-1908), Hungary (1895), Germany (1900, 1904, and 1907), and Luxemburg
(j 901, 1904, and 1907) there were on the average 492,133 horses under one year,
and 912,000 between one and three years. Those between one and three years
were to those under one year as 185 to 100. In Italy in 1901 persons
between five and 15 years of age (6,953,479) were to those under five years
as 169 to 100.
In Germany (1900, 1904, and 1907), Luxemburg (1901, 1904, and 1907),
Servia (1890 and 1900), and Bulgaria (1900 and 1905), the returns gave on
an average 256,527 horses under one year, and 709,524 between one and
four years. The number of these is to the number under one year as 277
to 100. In Italy, in 1901, persons between five and 20 years of age were
9,970,600 approximately ; they were to those under five years as 242 to 100.
