Exhibit C i i i — 116.45
they do not project from the husks. This genotype must, therefore,
be fertilized artificially.’’
“ The lowest row (the largest cobs with the most grains) comes
from families which have been created by the crossing of plants
belonging to different genotypes, the relationship in which case is
indicated by the lines which connect this row with the middle row.”
“ The following harvests of grain were made in the year 1910 :—-
Self-fertilization prevented (average of nine
families) ... ... ... ... ... 53.5 hi pro ha.
Self-fertilized (average of ten families) ... 25.3 ,, ,, ,,
Fi hybrid (average of six families) ... ... 59.2 ,, ,, ,,
F2 hybrid (average of seven families) ... 38.8 ,, ,, ,,
It is well-known to what degree inbreeding is practised in reigning C 112-114
families. We show as an example for this, Chart C 112, the
pedigree of the Archduchess Maria de los Dolores of Tuscany, ex
hibited by Ur. Stephan Kekule von Stradonitz, and Chart C 113 of
the same exhibitor, pedigree of Ptolemáus X. Soter II. (Lathros),
and Chart C 114, pedigree of the celebrated Cleopatra. Though with
Ptolemáus X. the effect of sexual reproduction in bringing about new
combinations of hereditary units was very limited, since the couple.
Ptolemáus V. Epiphanes and Cleopatra Syra having produced all the
germ cells from which he developed, he appears, nevertheless, to have
been a perfectly normal being. In his granddaughter Cleopatra
certainly much “ extraneous blood ” circulated.
Even where there is no high degree of inbreeding, the individuals C 115
of a people are much more closely related to each other than is
generally assumed. Table C 115, “theoretical number of ancestors.”
shows that, assuming the duration of one generation to be 35 years,
and that no marriages between relations have taken place, the number
of the ancestors of a man living now would have been eighteen
billions in the year o a.d. In reality the germanic race, wandering-
west, probably only numbered hundreds of thousands. This pheno
menon of “ ancestral loss,” as Ottokar Lorenz calls it (that the
number of real ancestors is much smaller than those theoretically pos
sible), can be illustrated in the pedigrees of the reigning houses.
We have in Table C 116 an analysis of pedigree of Emperor c 116
William II., after Ottakor Lorenz. Investigations show that twelve
generations back the real number of his ancestors amounts to only
one-eighth of the possible figure. Only 275 persons have actually
been found because in the older lines, the bourgeois element, of which
no record can be found, has had a very large share.
